Galton's Safe Passage Agreement - The Object

The safe passage agreement was created for Sir Francis Galton, who at that time had recently joined the Royal Geographical Society, so that he could fulfil his desire to embark on an expedition of Namaqualand and Damaraland (present day South West Africa). One of the most important things to note about the agreement is that it was created for Galton in the name of science, explicitly stating in the text of the document that he is there as a subject of the Queen of England on official scientific undertakings.

Power in a Contemporary Setting

Another undeniable source of significance is the importance placed on whom the object was produced for. The significance of an object is transformed based on whom the object is associated with. While Francis Galton had not reached fame at the time the agreement was created, the fact that he went on to become a famous (albeit controversial) man in science increases the significance of this object astronomically. Often times the value and significance of objects will transform throughout history, and this is exactly what has happened with the safe passage agreement.

When thinking about why objects are kept and showcased in exhibits, it is important to look at the contemporary significance of the object in question. In this case, Francis Galton’s authority, power, and status, are fundamental to why this safe passage agreement is considered relevant today.

Sources

Alberti, S. (2005) 'Objects and the Museum ', History of Science Society , vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 559-571.

Caple, C. (2006) Objects: Reluctant Witnesses to the Past , London: Routledge. 

Fancher, R.E. (1983) 'Francis Galton's African Ethnography and Its Role in the Development of His Psychology ', The British Journal for the History of Science , vol. 16, no. 1, March, pp. 67-79.

Galton, F. (1853) Narrative of an Explorer in Tropical South-West Africa, London.

Galton, F. (1909) Memories of my life, London : Methuen & Co.

Gillam, N. (2001) A life of Sir Francis Galton, New York : Oxford University Press.

Monarch, T.B. Great seal of the realm, [Online], Available: <http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/Greatsealoftherealm.aspx>

Pearson, K. (1915) 'The Life, Letters and Labours of Francis Galton', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , vol. 78, no. 2.

The British Museum The Great Seal of Queen Victoria, [Online], Available: <http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3545768&partId=1&people=104183&peoA=104183-1-6&page=6>

UCL Archives The Galton Papers , [Online], Available: <http://archives.ucl.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27GALTON%27&dsqDb=Catalog

Wellcome Library Safe Passage Agreement for Francis Galton, [Online], Available: <http://search.wellcomelibrary.org/iii/encore/record/C__Rb2063270__Ssafe%20passage%20galton__Orightresult__U__X2?lang=eng&suite=cobalt

 

 

 

 

Power in a Historical Setting

The safe passage agreement for Francis Galton is highly significant for a number of reasons, one of them being that it stands as a symbol of status, wealth and power. For Francis Galton, he simply had to express a desire to travel to South West Africa and he was given carte blanche authority to pass through any of the listed foreign lands. In this respect the object also illustrates the global dominance that the British Monarch held during the 19th century.

The agreement itself is split into two components, and each one illustrates its own story of power. The first component is the document itself, which is made of parchment and written in 3 languages: English, Dutch, and Portuguese. This document was signed by Sir Henry Wakelyn Smith, Governor and Commander in Chief of the Cape of Good Hope, and John Montagu, Colonial Secretary of the Cape Colony. The second component of the agreement is a large wax seal. This seal is the official Great Seal of Queen Victoria. In his book, Narrative of an Explorer in Tropical South-West Africa Galton describes the immense authority that the document portion of the agreement gives him with the rulers of the Cape. When he undertakes his expedition however, it is the Great Seal of Queen Victoria that offers him authority and immunity. This is because of the language barrier between the native people, and himself. Although the agreement was written in three languages, many of the native African people Galton encountered only spoke local tribal dialects. In this respect, the physical document meant nothing to them. Conversely, the great seal broke the language barrier and communicated its power and authority through its size, intricacy of design, and emblem. Thus, the two seemingly separate components of the safe passage agreement were both equally important in providing Francis Galton with a safe passage throughout his voyage, and both illustrate their own individual story of power.